折线温差分布下倒虹吸横向温度应力计算

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南水北调与水利科技
2023年04月26日 20:47

焊接残余应力有限元分析技术研究

柏文文+季日臣+张彤锋

摘要:通过引进公路桥梁规范中的折线温差分布函数,推导了折线温差分布下倒虹吸横向温度自约束应力和框架约束应力计算公式,利用文章推导的公式,计算了倒虹吸处于停运状态时,突遇骤然降温作用时的温度应力,计算表明:倒虹吸内表面总应力是温差和壁厚的函数,当壁厚不变,温差减小50%时,其温度应力相应的也减小50%,当温差不变,壁厚减小50%时,其温度应力减小17%;采用相同的工程实例,按照折线温差分布函数和指数温差分布函数分别计算倒虹吸温度应力,发现前者计算值偏大,在设计时若按照折线温差分布模式考虑倒虹吸温度荷载,能提高倒虹吸抗裂性能。

关键词:倒虹吸;自约束应力;框架约束应力;温度荷载;抗裂性能

中图分类号:TV672.5 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1672-1683(2017)04-0175-05

Abstract:Based on the fold line distribution function of temperature difference for highway bridges,we derived the calculation formulas for transverse thermal self-restraint stress and framework-restraint stress of inverted siphons.Using the calculation formulas,we calculated the thermal stress of inverted siphons in winter downtime when cold snap invades.Our calculations showed that the total stress of the inner surface of an inverted siphon is a function of the wall thickness and the temperature difference.When wall thickness is constant and temperature difference decreases by 50%,the thermal stress also decreases by 50%.When the temperature difference is constant and the wall thickness decreases by 50%,the thermal stress decreases by 17%.The thermal stress of inverted siphons calculated by the fold line distribution function of temperature difference was larger than that calculated by the exponential distribution function.If the temperature load of inverted siphons is considered on this basis in design,the crack resistance of inverted siphons can be significantly improved.

Key words:inverted siphon;self-restraint stress;framework-restraint stress;temperature load;crack resistance

橋梁、渡槽、涵闸结构的温度应力研究成果较多[1-17],大体积混凝土温度应力方面,朱伯芳院士已取得一系列研究成果[18-19],然则倒虹吸温度应力研究相对落后,虽有文献分析倒虹吸在冬季施工期的温度应力[20]和温度应力对预应力结构的影响[21],然则,已有文献对倒虹吸的温度应力计算关注较少,笔者通过引进公路桥梁规范中的温差分布函数,将对倒虹吸横向温度应力计算公式进行推导,并对南水北调中线工程勒马河倒虹吸在冬季停运状态时,骤然降温作用下,利用文章推导公式进行倒虹吸横向温度应力的计算。

1 温差分布函数

对于渡槽、倒虹吸等混凝土结构,由于没有温度应力计算方面的规范,但考虑到倒虹吸与桥梁结构的共性,材料方面,倒虹吸结构和桥梁结构的材料一般均为钢筋混凝土材料,其导热系数相差不大,导热规律具有明显的相似性;边界条件方面,桥梁结构内外表面均和大气接触,为第三类边界条件,而倒虹吸内表面边界条件视其运行情况不同属于第三类边界条件(停运期)或第一类边界条件(正常运行期),外表面始终属于第一类边界条件,而倒虹吸边界条件的不同最后直接影响边界温度,而不会影响温差函数类型,只是温差值大小不同,综上所述,笔者认为可以借鉴桥梁中的相关规范,将桥梁的温差分布函数引入到倒虹吸温度应力进行计算当中。

依据公路钢筋混凝土及预应力钢筋混凝土桥涵设计规范 (JTG D62-2004)的规定,预应力混凝土连续梁桥的温差分布如图1所示,图中,h为梁高,T1、T2温差值,根据铺装类别的不同,取值有所不同,a1=0.1 m, a2=0.3 m [12],负温差为正温差乘以-0.5[23]。

对倒虹吸结构,按照弹性理论,在忽略管内水流在流经倒虹吸管时的水温变化,其温差分布沿倒虹吸长度方向是均匀分布的,则该温度应力问题简化为平面应变问题,再忽略倒角处复杂的热传导状态,倒虹吸温差分布如图2所示。

2 倒虹吸横向温度应力

根据前述的折线温差分布函数,推导倒虹吸横向温度应力计算公式。倒虹横向吸温度应力计算分为自约束应力和框架约束应力,总应力是自约束应力和框架约束应力之和[24]。

(2)按照折线温差分布函数计算的倒虹吸温度应力,比指数温差分布函数计算的倒虹吸温度应力大[25],在设计时,若按折线温差计算结果考虑倒虹吸温度应力,能提高倒虹吸抗裂性能。

(3)温度应力在距离板表面0.1 m范围内,应力变化幅度最大,这与指数温差函数计算的变化趋势[15]一致。

(4)对比计算公式计算结果和ANSYS计算结果,发现两种计算方法的计算结果相接近,为此笔者认为此计算公式具有其合理性。

4 结语

(1)文章通过引入公路桥梁中的温差分布函数,通过一系列假定,导出了倒虹吸横向温度应力计算公式,计算公式简单明确,具有一定的实用价值。

(2)实例计算表明,倒虹吸在冬季停运期,突遇骤然降温时,会在倒虹吸内表面产生较大的温度拉应力,这应当在倒虹吸后期运行过程中引起重视。

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